Saturday, August 31, 2019

Sociology and Understanding Human Behavior

SOCL2151 Sociology and Understanding Human Behavior Phase 4 Individual Project Repost And Phase 5 Individual Project Conclusion Jerry Dunlap CTU Online Nov 12, 2012 SOCL2152 Introduction Portions of this assignment has repurposed work from Professor Vila’s Sociology 215 In my Phase 4 Individual Project I will be taking about the sociology of sport, what sport and event I picked and why I picked them. I will talk and describe the event and the sport that I have picked as well. I will be giving a description of my field observation over the event that I watched.I will also talk about what it was like doing field work without really being in the field to do it. I will also go into talking about what I have learned from my field observation and Reflect on sports and the field of sociology of sport. Sports are and have been for me a way to relax ever sense I was a little boy growing up and going to school. I played sports in junior high and in high school as well. Sports for many p eople can be a way of life or their main way of making money to live from one day to the next.I watch sports manly because when I watch them I think man I wish that was me out there on that field or on that court them I wouldn’t have to worry so much about how I am going to take care of my family. I can be watching a game and sitting there thinking as well if I could just have one of the pay checks that the players get I would be seat for a long time. The sport that I was going with at first was basketball but after thinking about it I was like hold on there aren’t any basketball games showing on television right now so I changed it to football just to be able to do the field observation.I picked football because I grow up watching it when I was younger and I played it for three years in high school but I will be talking a little about both of them because of using both of them in my last two Individual Project. On January 20th 1892 the first true basketball game as we know it was played in Springfield Massachusetts. Doctor James Naismith a Canadian invented basketball for the YMCA so that they could play during the winter months. He made up rules for the game and also nailed up two peach baskets for hoops.Most of the rules the he made for the game of basketball are still used but have been changed up a little bit over the years. SOCL2153 Pro basketball and college basketball are both big sports that are covered by all types of media like the news, radio, television and the internet is a big one as well. Radio has a big impacted on basketball because it allows people that can’t watch it to be able to listen to the games. The internet and new allows you to be able to keep up with states and other stuff like that on the sport and on the players as well.The description of my field observation after watch the Sunday game between the Cowboys and Giants is there are all types of people there besides the players on the field playing the game, and coaches. There are the people that call the game and the camera people from the television channel that the game was on. There where fans, cheerleaders from both teams and referees as well. From what I could see and hear the fans where all into the game cheering and boing when bad calls were made or when there team made a good or bad play.People that where at the game looked to me like they were of all ages from little kids up to aridly people. The players seem to show when they are upset about a bad call or a play that was ran the wrong way. The players also show off a little after they make big play or even a little play. With the part of who hangs out with whom, and what are the moods and social dynamics. I can’t really tell from watching the game on television but for the most part I would think that most of the people that go to games just hang out with the ones they go there with and the players who can really say who they hang out with when there not playing.Some of t he behavior in the game is from both the fans and players. Fans can start getting upset because there team isn’t playing like they should or there team isn’t getting the right calls from the referees that they think they should be. The same could go for the players from both teams. They start getting mad because they aren’t playing like they should be or they get a bad call. It all depends on how the game is going and how the players are playing on how the fans act and or behave. I picked this event because I am a big cowboys fan and I just like watching them play on Sundays.SOCL2154 As everyone knows American football has been around for centuries and is one of the most popular sports in America. As of 2010 football is the most watched sport of all of the four sports in America today. The Beginning A citizen of ancient Greek times used to play a game called harpaston and this game was known as a dangerous game. There were no rules, no field specifications and n o guidelines. They simply went out and played this game resembling a mixture of rugby and football. In the 12th century the game as we now know it began in England.People of this time started to love this game so much that at one time both Kings Henry II and Henry IV banned the game. At this time people where only allowed to run and kicked the ball and couldn’t pass the ball forward at all. EVOLUTION On November 6, 1869 American football was believed to be burn when Princeton and Rutgers Universities met to play the first organized football match in American history. Within the next five years the game would change and more teams would be added. There would be new rules put together allowing the teams to have 15 players on their team.A coach from Yale named Walter Camp introduce new rule changes to the game that would include cutting the number of players allowed on the field from 15 down to 11 and adding downs. Football originally only had three downs and the teams only had to go five yards to get a first down but in 1912 it got increased to four down and they had to get 10 yards for a first down. President Theodore Roosevelt would later help the colleges put together or crate the National Collegiate Athletic Association and they would put together a seven member rules committee that would pass a rule to legalize the forward pass.In 1922 the American Professional Football Association changed its name to the National Football League and thus the NFL is born. Then in 1966 the Super Bowl was crated as the NFLs Championship game. In 1967 the first super bowl was played between the Green Bay Packers and the Dallas Cowboys and the Packers would go on the win the first ever super bowl over the Cowboys 21 to 17. SOCL2155 I have learned from doing field work that it is hard to do when you’re really not on the field doing it was same what hard to do because you can’t really get a good look at the fans or what is going on around the field.When watch ing the game on a television from the house only thing you really get a good look at is all of the players from both teams and the coaches. You can hear the fans and maybe every now and thing you can get a look at the fans just for a few seconds but not long enough to really be able to see how they are acting. Phase 5 Individual Project My life experience with sports has been very interesting from the start. I started playing sports like running cross country, track and playing basketball when I was in middle school. I wanted to play football but are iddle school football coach wouldn’t late me. He told me that I was too small because I only weighted like 110 pounds in middle school. When I got into high school I still played these three sports but my sophomore year I finally started playing football but by thin I was not that up to date on how to play the game nor was I really that good. I was able to travel to many different places in middle school and high school because o f sports even if it was just in the state that I live in. I allowed me to meet different people from different areas of the state.I still think to this day if it wasn’t for sports and school that I wouldn’t have passed and graduated high school like I did. Sports are part of what I am today and I big reason why I am a sports fan today. SOCL2156 Being a sports fan of sports now I would have to say that for me it’s a way to relax and enjoy same of the sports that I played in school without playing them anymore. Being able to watch sports gives people a way to get together with friends a few times a week or just a few times a month depending on the sport that is on at that time.I see watching sports as a way to get a little trill without have to put your own life at risk or anyone else’s because you can do it sitting at home with your family or with friends. The sport experience help me connect with friends because it gives us something to talk about when we get together other thin just are family’s and what we have done over the past few days or weeks. The sports experience gets people together no matter what type of people they are or what race they are even if it’s just for a few minutes or a few hours’ people aren’t looking at others based on their skin color or their religion.References: ESPN. (2012). Retrieved from ESPN. com: http://espn. go. com/nba/ history of Football. (2012). Retrieved from historyoffootball. net: http://historyoffootball. net/ Bass, A. (2010, Apr 19). Livestrong. Retrieved from livestrong. com: http://www. livestrong. com/article/108870-history-football/ Faurschou, B. (n. d. ). History of Basketball. . Retrieved from nbahoopsonline. com: http://www. nbahoopsonline. com/Articles/History1. html

Collective Work

From the literature review, discussions and responses, several conclusions can be reached at. To begin, the industry incorporates the employees in the development plans which are very instrumental in achieving the goals. Success is realized because of the team work and collaboration made together. Collective work makes the employees to be encouraged and feel part of the company. They work in solidarity and one is cared for in every realm. Everyone feel motivated and working to achiever the set objectives are met within the stipulated time. The motivation of workers is very pivotal in the industry because it enables the team to be in solidarity thus making them realize their goals.Service delivery is also an important factor that the industry should look into. Ensuring that the clients get the best services make them feel encouraged and yearn to be served continuously. Morriot hotel is rated among the best in the United Kingdom and the services provided are of high standards. The employees are also motivated in the sense that they feel appreciated when they offer effective service to their clients. On the other hand, the industry gets good reputation by offering the best they can hence making them to retain their clients. Gender sharing of employees at Marriot hotels in the UK is realized that the females are higher than males. The females are approximately at fifty two percent while the rest of the percentage is for feminine. By age, the employees are generally young age wise because nearly eighty four percent are of forty eight years and below. In this plinth, it means that the workers have a lot of energy to provide quality services to the industry. Also, most of the employees can engage most of their times in ensuring that the output is of high quality. The only challenge herein is that the young workers do not feel the importance of consulting old men. They feel to be all round in anything they do, hence resulting to some hitches during times of work. Another important factor to note here is that close to sixty five of the employees have levels of education higher than the college level. High level of education is very important in any working set up. Morrion hotel receives clients from every part of the globe and having workers who are not vast linguistically can easily lead to its mess. Therefore, employing workers who are qualified help the managers in many areas. The staff can easily converse in a friendly way with foreigners without any difficulty. On the other hand, it enables easy flow of work in the industry because one easily understands his or her role as a professional as opposed to a situation where high population of the staff members is not learned. Employees' job retention has also been realized to be an important factor since it helps in improving the output of the company. Paying good wages to the employees, providing job security and allowing them to advance enable the workers to acquire more skills that give quality output in return. By allowing them to advance in their areas of specialization, they get additional experiences that enable them to work proficiently, hence providing the services which are liked by the clients. At Marrion hotel, the workers are given an offer to pursue higher learning in their areas of specialization. This gives them an additional experience in their line of duties and as well as increasing their salary scale. After education, they can still be absorbed back to be part of the staff. When the employees are motivated through these, they work extra hard to realize the set goals and objectives. Competency based pay help in promoting the needs of the employees` experience and this encourages their career development due to their conclusion of their education. It also enables them to take high ranks in accomplishing their responsibilities. Another positive aspect realized is on empowerment. Because of the good channel of communication in the industry, the employees are taken care of in every circumstance. The problems that they raise are taken with a lot of seriousness and eventually acted upon. Also, they are free to share with the stake holders on their areas of difficulties and improvement done where necessary. They share with the administration their views that can help improve the performance of the company and because of the togetherness that they have, the company is free to make the adjustment brings success to the both of them. In light of this, the industry act on some of the suggestion that is put forward by employees because they plan a very pivotal role in the success of the company. Morriot hotel attract so many investors. The five other hotels created in the recent past have made more economical advancement in the area. In this plinth, a lot of clients come all over the state and even outside to enjoy the services. The tourist sector have greatly benefited from the industry since their clients are well taken care of. A lot of job opportunities have been created and a lot of young people are able to work and support them economically. It has reduced the time of idleness and laxity among young people too. However, the rate at which foreign investors have ventured into the industry is wanting. The foreigners have invested much in the area that the locals. In this case, the locals find it difficult in getting job opportunities. Foreigners have a lot of skills that generate a lot input in the hotels that makes them perform well in terms of service delivery. In as much as foreigners would be providing quality services, it would be prudent for the government and the industry sector to control the number of foreign employees so that the local citizens can get employed. The rate at which foreign employees are paid is also higher as opposed to local workers. The management should regulate the payment rate so that both of them benefit from the work they do. RecommendationsWhile carrying out the research, it is eminent that the questionnaires were written in English. In as much as there were translators who could decode them to the local languages, it would be prudent if they are also availed in the local languages so that those who are not well versed with English also answer the questions with ease. Filling in questionnaires require confidentiality, some people may not feel comfortable answering the forms under the guidance of other people, and they may end up giving wrong results. On the same note, the industry should be at a position of convincing all everyone they come across to fill the questionnaires so that a substantial feedback is obtained. The analysis made put it clear that females are of high population than men at Morrion hotel. This implies that their services are well accepted by the clients than that of men. Women are quicker in preparation of food as well addressing the clients. They use friendly languages that make the clients come again and again. In motivational factors, they are motivated the same way. The same way men are appreciated is the same way; the females are also taken care of. However, the motivation policy states that he who works hard should be appreciated more as opposed to one who does less. In this dictum, it would be wise if the industry looks into this so that the hard work done by women are appreciated well. The government and the industry should also control the number of foreign employees. The fact that they deliver quality services may have a negative impact to job opportunities to the locals. When a lot of job opportunities are spread to the foreigners, the locals do get opportunities to work in their own nation. Because of this, they end up into malpractices that ruin their lives eventually. Also, there should equivalency in the distribution of jobs. Marrion hotels have high of their population at college level and above. There are some workers who might be having the experience and because they have not attained the colleges and universities, it becomes very difficult to them to be absorbed in the hotels. For this case therefore, the industry resort to the foreigners. It would be very vital if such cases are considered so that such potential are absorbed among the staff and through interaction by other members, they advance and become more proficient. In adherence to the above recommendation and other input addressed, Morrion hotel will be rated the best in the United Kingdom. With the world statistical analysis, it is among the best serving hotels. Many would like to be associated with the hotels. The geographical location of the area is also suitable and can be easily accessed by many. Tourists come all over the world to visit the area. In this regard, the adjustments should make on the areas that might be resulting to loopholes. In case the corrections can be made, Marrion hotels will be one of the best in the United Kingdom and the world at large. Lastly, the government should cheap in to help the industry in providing resources so as to make the hotel more attractive because it earns a lot of revenue to the UK government.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Is There a Filipino Identity? Essay

Is There A Filipino Identity? A glimpse of our historical past will surely reveal who the Filipinos really are, the Filipino identity as it is called. Yet, due to external factors like technological advancements and colonial influences, the true essence of being a Filipino now reaches the point where it is slowly degrading. Evidently, our colorful history truly defines our identity as a Filipino, but as I said earlier, changes threatened this identity. Now, despite of these changes, â€Å"Is there still a Filipino identity? † Let us consider for example our national flag which is the symbol of our nationality. This rectangular piece of cloth identifies us being a Filipino. But according to Prof. Randolf S. David, â€Å"We may sing the national anthem, as the flag is raised, and recite the pledge of allegiance everyday, but these do not do not automatically evoke in as a consciousness of being a part of a nation. †What’s the use of uttering such if we don’t even recite it by heart? In other words, we are just taking it for granted. National symbols like our national flag may give us a sense of being a Filipino, but these do not reveal our identity. Like for example, the barong tagalog, â€Å"without doubt, it is the garment of defining moments in the lives of Filipinos, from cradle to grave. The barong reminds the Filipinos of who they are. †It may really identify us apart from other nationalities, but it is only an external identification. Knowledge of these symbols is not enough to identify yourself as a Filipino. What really matters most is our culture. Culture is our identity. †Filipino cultural values are widely-held beliefs which make some activities, relationships, goals and feelings important to the Filipino people’s identity. † Yet, observance of this culture is now deteriorating. The culprit behind this is our colonial mentality. â€Å"The Filipino way of thinking that everything foreign is good is still embedded in his personality. †We prefer foreign culture more than our own. Now, I can conclude the fact that there is still a Filipino identity. Yet the identity we have in the past is different from what we have now. Ronnie John Pascua SOURCES: Ma, Corazon Alejo-Itila, Mitzi Marie Aguilar-Reyes, and Anita Feleo, Garment of Honor, Garment Of Identity (Manila: En Barong Filipino, 2008), 17,271 Tomas D. Andres and Pilar B. Ilada-Andres, Understanding the Filipino (Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1987), 5, 151.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Virtual lab #3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Virtual lab #3 - Assignment Example The three slides were observed severally and the number of species counted and recorded. Paramecium caudatum reached the carrying capacity of the environment on the 10th day when grown alone. To support the claim, the species attained its highest count on that day. The species attained a maximum number of 60. After the 10th day, the species did not grow any further due to the limited resources in its environment. Infact, the species population started to diminish the following days. However, the species died off after mixing with Paramecium caudatum to share the same ecological niche. On the other hand, Paramecium aurelia reached its population capacity of the enviroment on the 8th day. On the 8th day, the species attained a maximum number of 98 organisms. When grown alone, the species recorded its highest count on this specific day. It maintained the same number count for the next days. On the other hand, it had a slightly lesser count when mixed with Paramecium caudatum. In this case, it had a muximum number on the 12th day. The differences in population growth patterns between the two species results from the way each individual species utilizes its available resources. In this case, Paramecium caudatum utilizes more resources hence resulting to a lower population count. However, Paramecium aurelia has a high population count because each individual organism utilizes lesser available resources when gown alone. According to the principle of competitive exclusion, thwo or more species competing for the same available resources cannot co-exist in the same environment keeping other factors constant. When mixed in the same test tube, Paramecium aurelia survived while Paramecium caudatum died off. In this scenaio, Paramecium aurelia had the advantage of survival and high population growth rate. As demonstrated in this experiment, no two species can occupy the same ecological niche keeping other factors constant. As a result, one species will have an

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Assignment 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 24

1 - Assignment Example American economic growth is, hence, evident due to the rise in per capita income and increased pool for taxation. Obama applauded American troop’s mission in Iraq and Afghanistan for great success. The troops were returning home to serve and help boost Homeland security. The president remarked the growing economy, reducing debts and the nation’s success to a rise from the collapse. He challenged the citizens to commit and support the State in generating more income and creating more employment opportunities. The president explained following as the necessities of a middle-class economy. First, the economy needs to help working families to feel more secure in a transforming world in terms of healthcare provision and general welfare (The White House 1). Secondly, the economy should strive to ensure the citizens maintain earning higher wages through affordable and free education systems. Finally, the economy should generate high-wage jobs that solve the unemployment issues. The state of union, according president Obama’s speech on January 20, is strong. The White House (Office of the Press Secretary). Remarks by the President in State of the Union Address January 20, 2015.web. January 27, 2015.

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Immigration in the 19th Century, Teddy Roosevelt, and Labor Unions Essay

Immigration in the 19th Century, Teddy Roosevelt, and Labor Unions - Essay Example During the time of the great immigration, all the people needed were a boat ticket or in the least other means of transport to get to America. Thus, the shipbuilding industry facilitated the immigration significantly. During the agrarian revolution and the following years, several people came into America as slaves, to work in the factories and farms of the people. However, the immigration wave from the period 1820s to 1890s marked the observable immigration process. The immigrants in this period were mainly from Ireland and Germany, which brought about 5 million immigrants. The migration was because of includes famine and poverty in Ireland and political instability in Germany. Additionally, there were other immigrants, including from France, Canada and Sweden. Along these Europeans also came about 90000 Japanese and 300000 Chinese, whose chief reason was to make money for the Japanese and flee the opium war for the Chinese (Alexander, 2007). The industrial revolution further attracted more immigrants from the year 1890 to 1919. The immigrants into America this period constituted people from Italy, Austria, Hungary, Russia, Ireland and Great Britain. Conversely, with the arrival of the World War , the immigration declined. Nonetheless, over 9 million immigrants already settled in America (Alexander, 2007). The immigration into America took root from three reasons. Some were economic reasons, which featured search for wealth and employment, political reasons, which featured escape from the warring countries, and religious reasons, featuring trials and executions due to religious beliefs. The people as they migrated, due to the high numbers and inadequate housing, settled in groups in what grew into slum settlements. Additionally, due to the influx of people, unemployment rates increased as well as, the income of families (Alexander, 2007). The immigrants grew the American economy stronger. However,

Monday, August 26, 2019

SPITCEROW MODEL Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

SPITCEROW MODEL - Assignment Example These needs were unmet by the Russian government starting from their presidents and hence the reason the conflicts started and intensified resulting in killings of even those Russian presidents. The conflict and violence was just an aggressive way of expressing these unmet drives and needs. The conflict enlarged because of inhabitation by the Al- Qaeda recruits who were based in the three camps established for their training in Chechnya. Those who graduated from these camps after two months of intensive training were given missions to conduct and one of the missions was to kill and bring about confusion in Chechnya as a way to divert attention from these three training camps. They increased the conflict by kidnapping prominent people including members of international organizations, created a financial crisis in the country which brought about disorder, they conducted strikes which eventually led to an uprising that was unified against Russia and they also created an Islamic state there. KA-K, Havva. â€Å"Reducing Violence: Applying the Human Needs Theory to the Conflict in Chechnya.† The Journal of Turkish Weekly. Retrieved from:

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Essay Chosen organisation IKEA Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Chosen organisation IKEA - Essay Example But, the strategy of IKEA is to target middle class families on global level with variety in designs, quality and price. Companies like Sears, JC-Penny, Flanigan and Raymour are competitors to IKEA in the USA. Competitors in Europe include companies like John Lewis, Argos, B&Q and TESCO. Apart from furniture, the extensive range of products of IKEA includes lighting, textiles & rugs, Kitchenware, flooring, storage furniture, beds and mattresses tools and hardware. The IKEA Concept is based on offering a wide range of well designed, functional home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them as mentioned in the website of Inter IKEA Systems B.V. --------------------------------- 1. The Local, Ikea hit by strikes in France, 14 February 2010, http://www.thelocal.se/24980/20100214/ (accessed April 19, 2005). The IKEA Concept guides the way IKEA products are designed, manufactured, transported, sold and assembled. 2 IKEA's business stra tegy hinges on sustainability and environmental design. The sustainability programs of IKEA envisage social, environmental and economic issues. Internal Environment Strengths and weaknesses of a company are mostly related to internal aspects. The internal environment of IKEA in terms of competitive advantage, market position and financial resources, is by and large conducive for a sustainable growth. Competitive advantage of a company arises out of several factors and the business plan which is very difficult to duplicate and the absence alternate products available cheaply enable IKEA to exploit the opportunities effectively and overcome the external threats. IKEA has established name for itself with designs, quality and competitive pricing in the markets world over. The company has been successful in leveraging its core competency in furnishing to a complete range of related or associated products ranging from flooring to lighting in its business by taking advantage of the externa l environment. Value creation and value addition has been a constant endeavor of the company through continuous introduction of new designs for keeping its position ahead of the competition. . Intangible resources are more difficult for the competitors to understand and replicate the models for catching up with a company in competition. Constant innovation is possible only when the invisible and intangible resources of the company are superior. For instance, special collection of home furnishings using recyclable or unusual materials is a novel idea in tune with the environmental awareness among the public. ------------------------------ 2. Inter IKEA Systems B.V., The IKEA Concept, http://franchisor.ikea.com/showContent.asp?swfId=concept2 (accessed April 19, 2011). The other special features internal environment in the case of IKEA are Modernized plants, global network for distribution, expansion in line with the globalization, balanced and efficient business model, innovative mark eting strategies, cost structure and organizational culture. For example, the relentless cost cutting exercises undertaken by IKEA has been one of the main factors which catapulted the company to its

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Nutritional Epidemiology (external validity) Essay

Nutritional Epidemiology (external validity) - Essay Example Some of the research design factors that affect the validity of research results and recommendations include; Hawthorne Effect, situation specifics such as treatment conditions, pre-test effects and post-test effects to the observation. This paper will discuss the external validity of three studies investigating the effect of micronutrients and vitamins on colorectal cancer development. To study the effect of combined folic acid, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 on colorectal adenoma, Song et al (2012) used a subset of the Women’s Antioxidants and Folic acid Cardiovascular Study (WAFACS) (Song, et al, 2012). The design was a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial involving women professional at risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The inclusion criteria were age of above 40 years, postmenopausal, and a self reported cardiovascular disease of predisposing factors (Song et al, 2012). This study did not find statistically significant effect (protective or predisposing) of combined B vitamins in colorectal cancer contrary to some of the previous studies (Song et al, 2012). While the blinded approach of the study eliminates potential bias thus enhance its external validity, randomization introduces artificial effect that is not, in real life setting. The single sex specification of the study also limits its generalization across people when compared to the wider community, which is comprised of the two sexes. In real life predisposing risk factors affect both sexes in interactions that may be difficult to simulate in an experimental setup. The timing of the study though is one of the longest treatments and post-treatment follow up assessment (approximately nine years) is far from ecological reality. However, cardiovascular disease predisposing factor improves the generalization of the study to situations. Therefore, the findings of

Friday, August 23, 2019

Opportunities for Raising Productivity in Non-Profit Organisations Essay

Opportunities for Raising Productivity in Non-Profit Organisations - Essay Example Opportunities for productivity improvement in these four spheres have been explained with emphasis on the most viable option that can add substantial value to the organization. Performance management has gained momentum in recent years, probably due to factors such as competition, changing markets and needs of clients. Performance measurement can provide a sense of purpose, motivation and intrinsic satisfaction. Efforts concentrate on the process-oriented level, identification of appropriate performance indicators, managing relationships, raising funds for the organization and so on. Vast improvement in performance management has been experienced with performance reporting and performance measurement methods being introduced. For instance, the Balanced Score Card system in private and non-profit sectors has popularised performance management system in many aspects (Niven, P.R 2003; p.4). Management systems in a non-profit organization include planning, developing, and operating. Members of the Board and staff conduct strategic planning to determine the overall purpose and direction of the organization. This part of the strategic planning will also include the methods to be adopted for the organization to operate, resource planning, and program planning. Programs have to be designed as means to implement the service-oriented strategies such as marketing to identify community needs for the organization to meet and the desired outcomes to meet those needs. This planning provides input to resource planning such as a number of resources required including staff, funds, and people. Resource planning also includes financial management, advertising and promotions, and fundraising (McNamara, C 2005; p.160). I

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Case Study - Essay Example The function of in-house system developers as mediators of organizational change is emphasized, with focus on their political and management techniques in implementing change. Conventional human-computer interaction (HCI) has focused on looking for means in which to devise a more functional and serviceable interfaces. This pursuit has been inclined to concentrate on the advancement of cognitive models of end user conduct in interaction with computers so as to identify design guidelines (Nadler, 1997). With the observations of Suchman (1987 as cited in Tidd, Bessant & Pavitt, 2001) of established action, collaborative design programs, and sociological descriptions of contextual computer use, this pursuit has departed from the laboratory and aimed to assume a more wide-ranging perspective of the users’ world as a means of updating design. It is thus far fairly known that organizations should be aware of the working activities of users exhaustively and contextually to devise technology that can be successfully integrated in work processes, a point of view now developed by the concern in building up groupware (Tidd et al., 2001). This case study focuses on a custom and internal development application in which common products are altered by an in-house information technology (IT) development group to appropriate the needs of the organization. Grudin (1991 as cited in Kamoche, 2002) argued that, provided with the complexity of direct user session, they could be a more suitable user group with whom developers of products can communicate. Moreover, Suchman (1994 as cited in Tidd et al., 2001) maintained that merely through the effort of internal implementers is it plausible to successfully implant innovative organizational systems into the frameworks of the organization. The in-house development group could be described rather generally as those staff members who have quite a few duties for devising prerequisites for the system, selecting well-suited

Thursday, August 22, 2019

Life in College Essay Example for Free

Life in College Essay College has changed my life in many ways. Even though I spent only six months in college, I feel it has helped me a lot with my education and social life. Students who enter college usually collide with many problems, and some may think it is just like high school. From my perspective, college life is a life of freedom because it gives a feeling of being an adult, and also at the same time helping out with necessary needs. Life in college meant a new life for me. When I entered my college for the first day, I looked around with a mixed feeling of perplexity, joy, and a little bit of fear. I was puzzled as I was not habituated to college life. After checking around and looking for my class, I saw other students in batches were moving up and down the corridors for their classes; professors were coming smilingly and exchanging greetings with the students in a friendly manner which helped me to calm down and gave me the confidence to move on without being too nervous. Social life in college is different from high school. Most people do not socialize that much because they are there to get their credits and leave. They just want to finish their courses as fast as they can for business purpose or other reasons (this happens mainly in community college. ) For this reason, college has created many club activities, study groups, library, and other open areas to meet friends or work together, which definitely gives the chance to socialize. Another important thing college has taught me is managing time. I have come to understand how time is precious and how it can improve our lifestyle in so many levels. Balancing time is really important to do well both in college and in other activities like, Jobs, clubs, and spending time with family. After spending some time in classes, I came to realize how fun and easy it can be if a student spends a little bit of his/her time in class activities. College is a wonderful place and one can make it happen by his/her will.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Three Gorges Dam Construction Project

Three Gorges Dam Construction Project Section 1: Goal, Scope and Rationale The Three Gorges Dam is widely accepted as the largest Dam Construction project to ever take place. The main goal of the project was to design and build the biggest hydroelectric dam of the world on the Yangtze River in China, which would be over 180 meters in height and 2.3 km in width. The motivation behind constructing the Dam was in order to control the rivers water levels to limit flooding, and to produce hydroelectric power. (YangtzeRiver.org) (Power-Technology, 2010) The Dam was intended to raise the water level on one side of the river by 100 meters. This would lead to many small towns and buildings that were near the Three Gorges Dam to become flooded. In fact, over one million people were to be displaced in order to construct the Dam. In order to accommodate the people who were displaced, new towns had to be built in order to transfer the people living near the Dam to other safe areas. The project also involved installing some 28 generators in order to produce an estimated 18 MW of hydroelectric power. (LongPassages.org) An additional 6 power generators are planned to be installed in order to increase the Dams power production capacity (InternationalRivers.org) The Dam was also designed to facilitate ship locks, which would be extremely useful in order to a llow ships to travel across the dam without interfering with their travel route options. (LongPassages.org) The Project was given the green light for construction to begin in 1992 but official construction started in 1994. The Project cost was estimated at $9 billion. The project was to be funded by several different sources including international banks from Switzerland and Canada and various other companies. (InternationalRivers.org) Section 2: Strategy Alignment The Three Gorges Dam was a project undertaken by the Chinese government. As the Chinese government obviously did not have the resources available to construct the Dam, e.g. expertise, experience and equipment, the Chinese government outsourced to European and American companies. Western companies which were involved in the project were mainly involved with supplying the power equipment and restrictions were imposed on them. It was agreed upon that the manufacture of the power equipment such as generators and turbines had to take place in China, in partnership with local companies. (InternationalRivers.org) In the example of the Three Gorges Dam, which is a government led project, it can be clearly observed how the project aligns with the governments strategy. China is generally accepted as one of the largest Carbon Dioxide emitting countries in the world coming in second place behind the United States and suffers from increasing pollution levels in the air. In addition to this, China is considered to be a booming economy, with an ever increasing demand for energy. In order to be able to supply this increasing demand in energy, without increasing its carbon footprint, the Chinese government implemented a strategy of investing in clean sources of energy such as hydroelectric power. (DavorH, 2015) To some extent the Three Gorges Dam aligns with this strategy as it promised. The Dam would produce 18 MW of clean hydroelectric power which would in turn reduce Chinas dependency on coal for energy production and would reduce Chinas carbon footprint. Also the Dam would enable the controlling of water levels and hence flooding. (Hays, 2013) (YangtzeRiver.org) There were of course alternative ways to produce clean energy and to reduce Chinas carbon footprint, rather than building the Three Gorges Dam. Some alternatives include nuclear power, solar energy, Wind energy or even investing in making energy production from coal power stations more efficient. All these methods could also have reduced Chinas carbon footprint. Section 3: Management of Risk When it comes to risks, the Three Gorges Dam can be considered to pose many. From risks to the environment, to financial risks, to physical risks, the Three Gorges Dam has them all. I believe that in my opinion the largest risk is the physical risk of a major earthquake. Geologists have confirmed that the Dam lies on the intersection of two fault lines. This is usually the area most prone to earthquakes as tectonic plates slide across each other. It is believed that even though the Dam lies in a high risk area already, the massive weight of the water exerts extremely high pressure on the ground below the Dam which can eventually assist in the formation of an earthquake. Several tremors have been recorded near the Dam since its construction which has raised concern over this phenomenon. (Watson, 2008) It is possible that in the event of a large earthquake, the Dam could possibly collapse. In the event that the Dam would collapse, massive amounts of water would be suddenly released and allowed to travel downstream, as well as massive pieces from the Dam wall. This could result in large scale destruction of property downstream, destruction of the environment and even mass scale death since millions of people live downstream of the river. The Chinese government has been addressed with these concerns from its citizens. The Chinese government has made a statement ensuring the public that the largest scale earthquake that is possible in that region is not large enough to destroy the Dam. (Adams, 2011) I believe the risk of an earthquake destroying the Dam is the most significant risk to the Three Gorges Dam as it poses a risk that occurs suddenly and there is no warning given prior to the event which would enable engineers to assess the situation. Section 4: Conclusions: Evaluation of Project Success When taking into consideration what the main goal of the project was, which was to build the worlds largest Dam and hydroelectric power station, the project has succeeded. The Three Gorges Dam is now the largest Dam in the world and the largest hydroelectric power plant in the world. On the other hand, there were other aspects in which the project can be considered to have failed. The project was aimed to cost $9 billion before construction begun, but by 2012 the expected cost had climbed up to $37.2 billion. The actual cost was more than 4 times the estimated cost before the project had begun and this is a major problem for the projects success. With regards to time, the project begun construction in 1994 and construction was completed in 2006. (InternationalRivers.org) At the end of the Dams completion, an estimated 1.4 million paper were calculated to have been forced to relocated somewhere else, a total of 16 cities, 140 towns and 1350 villages were submerged in water. (BBC, 2012) On the other hand, the reason the Dam was constructed was to produce hydroelectric power in order to reduce the Chinese Governments dependency on coal, and to control flooding. With regards to power production, in 2012, the Dams power production capacity was 22.5 Gigawatts, which is equal to an outstanding 11% of Chinas hydroelectric power production capacity. The fact that a single Dam amounts to 11% of the countries hydroelectric power production capacity can definitely be considered as a success in that manner. With regards to flooding control, Chinese officials have stated that the Dam is a solution to the problem of flooding. (BBC, 2012) In my opinion, I consider the whole project to have been a success, as it has increased Chinas hydroelectric power production capacity by a large amount as well as allow for the controlling of life taking floods. Even though the project cost far more than estimated, and has created problems for some people I believe that the ultimate goal of inc reasing Chinas hydroelectric power production capacity as well as allowing for the controlling of flooding was achieved and therefore the project can be considered a success. References   Adams, P. (2011) Chinese study reveals Three gorges dam triggered 3, 000 earthquakes, numerous landslides. Available at: https://journal.probeinternational.org/2011/06/01/chinese-study-reveals-three-gorges-dam-triggered-3000-earthquakes-numerous-landslides/ (Accessed: 5 December 2016). BBC (2012) Chinas Three gorges dam reaches operating peak. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-18718406 (Accessed: 5 December 2016). DavorH (2015) China hydropower as the right solution? Available at: http://www.our-energy.com/china_hydropower_as_the_right_solution.html (Accessed: 5 December 2016). Hays, J. (2013) THREE GORGES DAM: BENIFITS, PROBLEMS AND COSTS. Available at: http://factsanddetails.com/china/cat13/sub85/item1046.html (Accessed: 5 December 2016). InternationalRivers.org Available at: https://www.internationalrivers.org/sites/default/files/attached-files/3gorgesfactsheet_feb2012_web.pdf (Accessed: 5 December 2016). LongPassages.org Available at: http://www.longpassages.org/3_gorges_dam.htm (Accessed: 5 December 2016). Power-Technology (2010) Available at: http://www.power-technology.com/projects/gorges/ (Accessed: 5 December 2016). Watson, S. (2008) Why could chinas Three gorges dam cause an environmental disaster?Available at: http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/three-gorges-dam-disaster1.htm (Accessed: 5 December 2016). YangtzeRiver.org Available at: http://www.yangtzeriver.org/threegorges_dam/why-built-three-gorges-dam.htm (Accessed: 5 December 2016).

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Vibrio Cholerae Cytolysin (VCC) Membrane Pore Formation

Vibrio Cholerae Cytolysin (VCC) Membrane Pore Formation Vibrio cholerae cytolysin (VCC) is a potent membrane pore forming protein toxin secreted by many pathogenic strain of the V.cholerae. In its membrane pore-formation mode of action, VCC belongs to the family of the ÃŽ ² barrel pore-forming toxin (ÃŽ ²-PFTs) proteins. VCC is secreted by the pathogenic bacteria V.cholerae in the form of water-soluble, monomeric, inactive precursor form of the protein, known as Pro-VCC. Proteolytic deletion of the N-terminal Pro-domain from this inactive precursor molecule generates the active, mature form of the VCC toxin. VCC induces colloid-osmotic lysis of the target eukaryotic by generating the transmembrane heptameric ÃŽ ² barrel channels/pores. The high-resolution molecular structural information is available for the water-soluble monomeric Pro-VCC form as well as for the transmembrane heptameric pore structure of the VCC. Structural analysis of the water-soluble monomeric form and the transmembrane structure suggest that the VCC follows the overa ll pattern of the archetypical ÃŽ ²-PFTs mechanism of pore-formation. However, the distinct intermediate steps leading the generation of the funcational membrane pore formation by VCC have only been characterized to a limited extent. Consistent with the generalized ÃŽ ²-PFTs mode of action, the membrane pore formation mechanism of the VCC is recommended to follow three different steps: interaction of the VCC monomeric unit towards the target cell membrane; formation of the metastable, transient prepore oligomeric intermediates on the cell membrane; and finally conversion of the prepore oligomeric assembly into the functional transmembrane oligomeric b barrel channels. Previous research work on the members of ÃŽ ²-PFTs including VCC suggest that the generation of the functional transmembrane oligomeric pore structure comprises the membrane insertion of the pore-forming stem region from each of the toxin protomer towards formation of the transmembrane ÃŽ ² barrel portions of the toxin. However, it has not been examine experimentally, in particular in the case of VCC toxin, whether the membrane insertion of the stem region could occur in the membrane-associate monomeric state of the toxin before the prepore oligomer generation or whether the prepore oligomer generation precedes the membrane insertion of the stem region of the VCC toxin. Even in the case of generalized ÃŽ ²-PFTs membrane pore-formation mechanism, such sequence of pore formation events has not been established precisely. Previous studies demonstrated that the engineered ÃŽ ²-PFTs (for example, VCC and staphylococcal LukF) not able to inserting their pore-forming stem region into the membrane lipid bilayer of the target cell membrane. Such protein variants, having their stem loop in a closed structure through the engineered disulfide linkage, are remaining trapped in their nonfunctional prepore oligomeric state. However form this observation it not clear whether the membrane oligomreization is absolutely necessary to trigger the membrane insertion or whether membrane insertion could be initiated before the prepore generation. Such perception can only be investigate by trapping the b-PFTs toxin molecule in its membrane-bound monom eric form without allowing the generation of the transmembrane oligomeric structures. In this order, a direct correlation between the membrane oligomerization and the membrane insertion has been demonstrated in Staphylococcal à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡ toxin, an archetypical member of the ÃŽ ²-PFTs family. Staphylococcal à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡ toxin containing a single point mutation has been shown to displayed defective membrane oligomerization of the membrane-bound protein and blocking the membrane insertion of the pore-forming stem loop of the toxin. This investigation suggests that, in case of Staphylococcal à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ¡ toxin, the membrane insertion event of the toxin depend critically on the prior membrane oligomrization step of the toxin. A similar pore-forming mechanism has been reported in the case of perfringolysin O, a prominent member of the subclass of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) under ÃŽ ²-PFTs family. Interestingly, streptolysin O, another prominent member in the cholesterol-de pendent cytolysin type ÃŽ ²-PFTs, follows a different mechanism of membrane pore formation that may have involve distinct sequence of events. In the membrane pore formation mechanism of streptolysin O, it has been proposed that the progressive assembly of the membrane-inserted monomeric unit of the toxin may act towards the formation of the transmembrane oligomeric pore structures of different pore sizes. A similar membrane oligomeric assembly has also been reported on another cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) class of ÃŽ ²-PFTs, pneumolysin. Thus, it emerge that the ÃŽ ²-PFTs member may not necessarily follow a common generalized procedure for the membrane pore formation mechanism of the toxin. It is, therefore, important to examine the sequence of the membrane oligomreization and insertion events for each particular member of the ÃŽ ²-PFTs family to elucidate the molecular mechanistic details of their membrane pore-formation action of the toxin. Many previous studies explored the molecular mechanism(s) of the membrane oligomerization process involved with the membrane pore formation action of the member of the ÃŽ ²-PFTs family including VCC. It is generally proposed that the association of the ÃŽ ²-PFTs protein monomer with the membrane component of the target host cells work as the triggering step to initiate the following events resulting towards membrane olgiomerization, membrane insertion, and functional transmembrane ÃŽ ² barrel pore formation. In particular, lipid components of the membrane like cholesterol have been extensively involved in the regulating of membrane pore formation process. In the mode of action of VCC, the presence of cholesterol in the target membrane lipid bilayer has been reported to be an imperative requirement for the efficient oligomerization and functional membrane pore formation by the protein. Cholesterol appears to regulate the membrane pore-formation of the toxin by physically binding with the protein molecule and not by modulating the physicochemical environment of the target host cell membrane. The molecular mechanism of the membrane oligomerization in VCC has been explored only to a limited extent. In particular, the membrane interaction mechanism of the monomeric units of the VCC toxin, which probably acting to regulate the membrane oligomerization process of the VCC toxin, has not been explored so far. Structure analysis of the VCC oligomeric highlights the major interprotomer interactions between the neighboring monomer units. The most significant interactions are observed between the amino acid residues within the membrane pore forming stem loop of the toxin. More importantly, blocking the stem loop in its prestem configuration has been to abrogate the functional transmembrane oligomeric pore formation (SDS-stable oligomeric assembly) without any effect on the generation of the prepore oligomeric species (SDS-labile oligomers). It has been reported that, even i n the physically absence of the stem loop, a truncated variant of VCC can generate prepore oligomeric assembly on the membrane. These observations precisely suggest that the interprotomer interactions involved in formation of the functional transmembrane oligomeric pore assembly without playing any critical role in initiating the membrane oligomerization event of the membrane-bound protein molecules. Therefore, it appears that the additional molecular interaction between the monomer of the toxin might be playing the significant role in inducing the functional membrane oligomerization of the VCC toxin. In this part of study, to explore the details of the molecular mechanism of the membrane oligomerization process of the VCC toxin, we have mapped the key amino acid residue in the VCC molecular structure that are crucial to trigger the membrane oligomerization of the membrane-associate monomeric toxin molecules. Mutation of such key amino acid residues abrogates the membrane oligomerization step, trap the toxin in its membrane-bound monomeric state, and does not allow membrane insertion of the pore-forming stem loop form the VCC monomers. Our study, dissect the membrane interaction step from the following membrane oligomerization and insertion steps of VCC as a prototype in the b-PFTs family, This study also conclusively established that the membrane insertion critically required the functional oligomerization of the membrane-associate VCC toxin monomers on the target cell membrane.

Monday, August 19, 2019

Iago Essay -- essays research papers

Iago, More than Just a Villain Iago, the evil villain of Shakespeare's Othello, is more than just a villain. In many ways he is the most intelligent and appealing character in the play. Iago shows superiority over the rest of the characters in the play. He has the ability to manipulate the characters in the play, therefore controlling the play with every sequence of events. His intelligence shines through his ability to deceive, his ability to strategize, and his ability to twist the truth. Iago is appealing to the characters of the pay because he gives them what they want. Iago is appealing to the reader as well. His character is totally unconflicted about being evil, making him known to some authors as the villain of all villains. Iago is, in many ways, the most intelligent and appealing character in the play. Iago has a sophisticated way of deceiving the characters of the play, making him a very intelligent person. Early in the play Othello introduces Iago to the Duke of Venice as, â€Å"My ancient / A man he is of honesty and trust† (!. iii. 284-85). This is but one of the times in the play that Iago is referred to as honest and true. Throughout the play Iago is considered to be honest, but is actuality the villain. In order to maintain this false image one has to have a beguiling character. After Othello and his lieutenant, Michael Cassio, return from the war against the Ottomans, there is a celebration. At this celebration Iago puts his manipulation to work. He knows that Othello and Desdemona’s love for each other is very true, but he tells Rodrigo that Desdemona had love for Cassio: â€Å"With as little a web as this will I ensnare as great a fly as Cassio. / Ay, smile upon her, do†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (II. I. 164-65). This quote shows that Iago deceives Roderigo into believi ng that Desdemona loves Cassio, when in Roderigo’s eyes it is virtually impossible. Iago basically controls Rodrigo because Iago deceives him into believing that he can have Desdemona, by both Cassio and Othello. Iago uses his strategically apt abilities to come up with a very intelligent system that will eventually destroy Othello. After Iago and Rodrigo find out about Othello and Desdemona’s marriage, Iago manipulates Rodrigo into making him angry, because Rodrigo has feelings for Desdemona. Iago and Roderigo go to Brabantio’s abode to enrage him by telling him about Othello and Desdemona: â€Å"Call up her ... ...sio is in fact in love with Desdemona, and that Cassio is in fact doing dishonesty to Othello. Othello does get discouraged by this advice given by Iago, and eventually does confront Desdemona. The quote specifically displays how Iago can make Cassio seem evil to Othello. Iago persuades Othello into believing him, which creates a way for Iago to work around the truth. Iago completely changes the appearance of Cassio, therefore making Iago extremely intelligent and far superior. Iago’s magnificent intelligence and superiority make him a very intriguing character. Iago is not just any villain that comes into a town, with a black cape and knife that scares everyone, he destroys and â€Å"kills† by using creative tactics that could only be thought of by someone who is brilliant. He deceives, strategizes, and twists the truth with amazing ease. Iago maintains his on point intelligence by staying completely unconflicted about being evil. Iago is completely committed as he states, â€Å"[He will] turn her virtue into pitch, / And†¦ make the net / That shall enmesh them all† (II. Ii. 366-368). Iago is considered a cross between God and the Devil, as shown in the, â€Å"Divinity of Hell!† (!!. ii. 356)

Sunday, August 18, 2019

morgan horses :: essays research papers

Justin Morgan was a living legend. Born in 1789, Justin Morgan started life as a small, rough-coated colt known as "Figure." Gradually, the local population began to talk about the feats of "the Justin Morgan horse". Justin Morgan also proved to be one of the greatest breeding horses of all time. While most breeds develop by breeding horses of similar characteristics to each other, Justin Morgan's ability to pass his characteristics to his offspring for generations to come allowed this single stallion to found an entire breed in his likeness. Today, every registered Morgan traces back to Justin Morgan through his best-known sons Bulrush, Sherman, and Woodbury. As America grew so did the feats of the Morgan. During the Civil War, Morgans served as cavalry mounts and artillery horses. A cavalryman was only as good as his horse and the Morgan is mentioned in many sources as a highly desired horse during the Civil War. The First Vermont Cavalry, mounted entirely on Morgans, gained a wide spread reputation as a fighting unit. The first Morgan Horse Register was published in 1894. In the Civil War, the famed Vermont Cavalry was mounted on Morgan horses. Not only did the Union's General Sheridan ride his Morgan Rienzi, Stonewall Jackson rode his Morgan, 'Little Sorrel,' for the Confederacy as well! In the Indian Wars, the only survivor in the Battle of the little Big Horn was Keogh's Morgan-bred horse Comanche. Crosses to the fastest Morgan blood produced the great speed of today’s racing Standard breds. The foundation sire of the Tennessee Walking horse, Allen F-1, was a grandson of the Morgan stallion Bradford's Telegraph. The oldest of all American breeds the Morgan was strong enough to contribute greatly to almost every other American light horse breed while retaining its own identity across two centuries. In barns and show rings across the country, the Morgan show horses flash by with heads high, eyes bright, and nostrils wide - Morgan quality showing in every hair on their gleaming, muscular bodies. The Morgan legend has also spread around the world. Morgans worked along side their owners clearing fields and forests. By locating second, third, and fourth generation descendants of the original Morgan horse, they established the foundations of the breed. The majority of Morgans, however, did their daily work willingly and efficiently. They were highly regarded as general-purpose horses capable of performing a wide variety of tasks.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Formation of Corporations and Stocks Essay

* Why does a company choose to form as a corporation? What are the steps required to become a corporation? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the corporate form of doing business? Corporations are created in order to separate the businesses finances from the person’s individual finances so that they can protect themselves financially. The advantages of forming a corporation are that the business can obtain the credibility so that consumers are more comfortable. Since consumers normally prefers to do business with a corporation. Also by forming a corporation the person protects their assets and name by forming a corporation. The disadvantages are that the process is lengthy and pricey. Also corporations often end up paying more in taxes. Corporations are also monitored very closely and must be in compliance with several entities. * Why is preferred stock referred to as preferred? What are some of the features added to preferred stock that make it more attractive to investors? Would you select preferred stock or common stock as an investment? Why? Preferred stock is considered preferred because it has dividend preference over common stock. Preferred stockholders have the right to receive dividends before common stockholders. The per share dividend amount is stated as a percentage of the preferred stocks per value or as a specified amount. Preferred stockholders must ne paid their annual dividend plus any dividends in arrears before common stockholders receive any dividends. I would select referred stock over common stock because I want to get paid as quickly as possible. * What are the different types of dividends corporations may issue? When should a corporation pay dividends? Do you prefer a stock dividend or a cash dividend? Why There are four types of dividends: 1. cash dividends, 2. property dividends, 3. scrip (note), and 4. stock dividends. A corporation should pay dividends when it has retained earning, adequate cash, and a declaration of dividends. I would prefer a cash dividend. If the corporation issues stock, they are not having to spend actual cash. I want to be reassured that the business actually has my money. I have seen it too many times where huge corporations lie and cheat on paper. I also do not really like the stock market and never have been good at buying, selling, or owning stock.

Creative Piece of the Great Gatsby

â€Å"What are you doing? † Nick inquired. â€Å"Just standing here, old sport. † I felt relieved, at least I had a friend standing in this dark night with me now, I won’t be alone anymore like I was always be. Somehow, I know my face looks really vicious right now. I might be too worried about what happened tonight. Nick seemed to be frightened by me. After a really awkward silence, I decided to shoot my question:† Did you see any trouble on the road? † â€Å"Yes, †obviously he’s waiting for my confession. I don’t want to surrender my little hope that quickly, â€Å" Was she killed? â€Å"Yes. † His reply was simple and strong. At that moment I had the impulsion to tell him everything happened tonight, but I still kept it to myself eventually. â€Å" I thought so; I told Daisy I thought so. It’s better that the shock should all come at once. She stood it pretty well. † I was kind of surprised by my attitude. I was talking about a dead woman who had been killed by Daisy and all I care is Daisy’s reaction. Since when did I become so cold-blooded? To distract him from my reaction, I continued:† I got to West Egg by a side road and left the car in my garage.I don’t think anybody saw us, but of course I can’t be sure. † I tried my best to put on a cheerful smile and tell him everything will be ok. He’s astonished by my indifferent attitude. â€Å" Ok, man, I really don’t think you understand how severe this car accident was and I hate to tell you that you are absolutely wrong,† he skillfully hid his disgusted face and went on,† her name was Wilson. Her husband owns the garage. Now let’s be honest, it was you or Daisy driving that damn devil car? † I know he would punch me in my face if I kept saying some nonsense. Yes, she was driving, but of course I ‘ll say I was. When we left New York she was really nervous th at she thought she would be steady if she could drive. You know I always let her do whatever she wants to do. So this woman, rushed out at us just as we were passing a car coming the other way. It all happened to fast to save anything. She seemed like she wanted to speak to us, I don’t even know who she was. First Daisy turned away from the woman toward the other car, but for some reasons she turned back and smashed into her. I think she wanted to kill her, old sport. Yes, she succeeded, it ripped her open. † Nick doesn’t seem surprised; he probably knows something about Daisy and that woman. At that moment, I was irritated because this whole world is filled with lies and I’m the only idiot who has no idea what’s going on. â€Å" Don’t tell me. I don’t want to hear it. † I was so frustrated that I tried to deceive myself that Daisy just accidentally killed that woman. † I tried to make her stop but the car’s brake w as broken so she couldn’t. I pulled on the emergency brake and she fell over into my lap and I drove on. † â€Å"I hope Daisy will be alright tomorrow.I’m so worried about her right now. Yes, she’s gonna to be relaxed. That’s right, nothing is gonna bother her, except†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Nick interrupted with an angry roar, â€Å"Seriously man, you guys killed an innocent woman! It’s not like a forgivable mistake that you can do something to compensate. I really hate judging people but the way you deal with this accident and your attitude really irritate me. I can’t stand it anymore. Where are your sympathy, innocence and passion? It’s not worth it to lose them to Daisy. † I made a parting grasp at my hair because I dislike myself too.All those good and evil things happened upon my life made me exhausted. The only goal I have for now is to protect Daisy. Or, I might just want to keep the most beautiful memory of my life in my deep soul and have the extravagant hope that I can make everything looks just like before. Marrying Daisy is probably no longer my dream, getting the stubborn me satisfied by achieving all those old dreams is. To get rid of this wild surmise, I continued, â€Å" I’ll wait here and see if he tries to bother her about that unpleasantness this afternoon.I told her that if he intends to do anything she could lock herself in her room and turn the light out and on again. † â€Å"He won’t touch her. † He blinked his eye and said,† He’s not thinking about her. † â€Å"I don’t trust him, old sport. † He seemed to be annoyed by our nonsensical conversation. â€Å" How long are you going to wait? † â€Å"All night, if necessary. Anyhow, till they all go to bed. † I hope my persistence can drive him away and fortunately it worked, â€Å"You wait here,† he said, â€Å"I’ll go see if there’s any sign of a commotion. † After he’s gone, I’m a little bored by the sudden quietness.Actually, I’m also confused by what I really want to find out tonight. One of the inner villains keeps telling me that nothing special will happen tonight and Daisy won’t let you take the responsibility for her. The other one despised my infatuation and implied me that Daisy was conspiring with Tom. Maggie Chen Mr. Maurer Voices 16 February 2013 Analysis In this chapter, we can get the general idea that Gatsby is confused with his true feelings to Daisy. He used to be obsessed with her and was willing to do anything to win her back.However, after what happened in recent years, he started to open his eyes and look within. He’s not satisfied with the life he is living now. Although he once had really clear goals that were even not worth fighting for, at least he had motivation to keep his strength and finally achieved his dreams. Judging by his inner struggle and all the things he said to Nick in this chapter, he tries his best to relive his old life and pursue all those unfinished dreams. As we explore deeper into the particular mental activities, he apparently is just completing tasks out of obligation, without any care in it.For example, he keeps telling himself that Daisy is going to be all right â€Å"I hope Daisy will be alright tomorrow. I’m so worried about her right now. Yes, she’s gonna to be relaxed. That’s right, nothing is gonna bother her, except†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These words are also used to comfort himself by saying he has already done everything he could. Gatsby also changes from an innocent sympathetic boy into an indifferent murderer who doesn’t value other people’s lives. Even Nick, a non-judging good friend can’t stand it anymore, as he says, â€Å"It’s not like a forgivable mistake that you can do something to compensate. In my opinion, Gatsby staring  into the night at the g reen light at the end of Daisy's dock, having lavish parties to attract her attention, making money only to win Daisy back, using Daisy's cousin Nick to arrange a â€Å"crafty† reunion, buying the multi-million dollar home just to be near her and taking the responsibility for the car crash only to save Daisy's sanity, all these are more signs of obsession than true love. Gatsby’s obsession with Daisy is hopeless and he’s quite enjoying what he’s doing.

Friday, August 16, 2019

Advert analysis.

What Is that one, particular strategy that a marketer will employ to drive a consumer to buy a product? The answer to that Is advertising. In today's consumer driven world, advertising is the main force behind a company's success. The more convincing, appealing and effective the advert, the bigger the market for the product. They employ appeals including logos, ethos and pathos to convey their message to the audience. The most effective adverts, it seems, are the ones aimed at beauty or simply put, â€Å"looking good†. The Avenue Active Natural advert, in a recent issue of theNatural Health Magazine, is one such advert that uses all such appeals and leaves The Avenue Active Natural advert immediately quite an impact on women. Captures ones attention while randomly flipping through the magazine pages. The advert Is about a dally moisturizing lotion that uses a special Oat Formula. It uses warm, natural colors, basically different shades of green, which sort of has a soothing an d relaxing effect on the audience. It features a glowing Jennifer Animations posing with an ever radiant smile; this mage takes up the entire left side of the page.The background shows a place with a lot of greenery. On the bottom of the ad one can see the campaign slogan â€Å"see the beautiful difference healthier skin can make†, in large white font; simple yet thought provoking. To the right side is more text explaining why oat is important for dry skin and how it is recommended by dermatologists, with a â€Å"before and after test† to provide some sort of evidence of how effective it is. The product itself, the lotion pump, is shown further towards the bottom of the page. On the top right corner is the brand name, â€Å"Avenue, active naturals† In white font.Since this ad Is featured in a women's health magazine, It ill capture the attention of health conscious women. It will target women who are looking for a good and effective moisturizer. Those who have s kin problems, specifically dry skin, might find this ad particularly useful since It claims that the moisturizer uses oats which are recommended for dry skin. Health conscious women mostly look for organic products with the least amount of chemical because they are so conscious about their skin. Every woman wants to look as close to perfect as possible.They are always on the move to find anything that will make them look good, s good as the models they see in magazines and in ads such as this one. Advertisers know that women will never be happy with how they look. Ads like these play on such insecurities and they always seem to succeed! The ad effectively makes use of logos to educate women as to why it would be a rational decision to buy this product. â€Å"Healthy, beautiful skin begins with oat†. That right there makes the audience want to read on. The more she reads, she learns that the moisturizer uses an exclusive oat formula.She's Impressed. What comes next really make s her eager to try this product. The ad says how oat Is recommended by dermatologists â€Å"to Improve the health of dry skin†. Did somebody say â€Å"dermatologists†? With the support of fact true that oat is one of natures' best kept beauty secrets. If women had any doubt about that, well this information Just proves them otherwise. Furthermore, the ad shows a skin test to prove how using the product will improve skin in one day and show significant changes within Just two weeks.Through this information and mostly professional opinion on the matter, the advertiser sets out to show that they care about the audience enough to provide them with such information. Pathos is used almost everywhere in this advert. Firstly, the text plays a very important role. Phrases such as â€Å"see the beautiful difference healthier skin can make† play on the audience's emotions in the sense that it makes them curious as to what exactly â€Å"beautiful difference† means. F urthermore, it mentions how beautiful skin begins with oat. This again appeals to the audience.It makes them confident and believe that there is something out there that will give them better, more beautiful skin. Words like â€Å"exclusive oat formula† make the product seem unique. The advert levelly makes use of a beaming Jennifer Animations who is renowned for her natural beauty. It is trying to convince the audience that they too can look as beautiful and radiant as Jennifer Animations, if they use the product. Moreover, the warm, natural colors, as well as the greenery in the background and the clear blue sky, have a soothing effect on the audience.They are relaxing to the eyes and give an overall â€Å"natural† feel and that is exactly how the advert wants the audience to feel when thinking about the product since it uses a natural formula. Lastly, the advert employs ethos to build up trust among the audience. If someone as famous as Jennifer Animations has chose n to campaign for the product, then it is probably something worthy of using. It is probably effective because it is making her and has always made her look that good.This exact notion goes through the audience's mind when looking at the advert. Now whenever they talk or think about the product, they will probably say something like, â€Å"Oh! It is the same brand Jennifer Animations uses. † Furthermore, the advert shows the reliability of the product with the statement, â€Å"it's the ingredients most recommended by dermatologists†. It also uses phrases like proven to seal in moisture for healthier skin†, emphasis on â€Å"proven†, to further strengthen the trust element among the audience.It is safe to say that this advert was a successful one. Surely, it made a lot of women get off their sofas and drive to the mall to look for Avenue, Active Naturals moisturizing lotion. If not that, it must have at least triggered some sort of response out of the women . The reason for that is that the ad successfully appeals to and prompts the audiences' emotions and their sense of trust and reason. Such a technique is of the best sort when it comes to beauty products like this one.

Thursday, August 15, 2019

Communication and Child

Maria Pearce EYMP5-1. 1, EYMP5-1. 2, EYMP5-1. 3, EYMP5-2. 1, EYMP5-2. 2, EYMP5-2. 3 EYMP5-1. 1 Explain each of the terms: * speech * language * communication * Speech, language and communication needs. English dictionary meanings. * Speech – something that is spoken; an utterance, remark, or declaration: * Language – communication by voice in the distinctively human manner, using arbitrary sounds in conventional ways with conventional meanings; speech. * Communication – the imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs. Speech, Language and Communication begins from birth simply engaging in eye contact and smiling is communication. Speech is started with noise and sounds. Language starts by a child listening so even from very young ages children learn and communicate with us. EYMP5-1. 2 Explain how speech, language and communication skills support each of the following areas in children's development: EYMP5-1. 3 Describe the potential impact of speech, language and communication difficulties on the overall development of a child, both currently and in the longer term. Speech, language and communication needs in children vary with each individual child. As practitioners we must constantly asses and contribute in all aspects of communication, speech and language. We must listen to the child and try to understand the things the child is trying to communicate to us. Helping children improve things like language can be fairly simple. By having patience we repeat the words often and praise the attempts and successes a child has. Asking the child to point something out or encourage saying words or sounds. By taking our hand and leading us to something the child needs or wants is a good way of helping communication and means we can say the thing they need encouragement is essential we do not want the child to feel silly or ashamed if they struggle with the correct word. Splitting some words into parts more easily said is a great way for children to make sounds into words. In my setting we had a child who said â€Å"basanya† for lasagne and although cute if encouraged to split the word â€Å"la† san† ya† in no time the child used the proper word. Another child would say pusion for cushion. We also found with younger children by using flash cards and books blocks or anything played with to say colours, numbers, and shapes or when out walking pointing out things around us and encouraging the child to repeat was a productive way to help with speech. However speech wasn’t always possible one of the children we had was deaf. He made loud sounds but couldn’t hear us speak the words. By using sign language we managed to communicate though we had little experience in that area and the child was very young so did not have a huge amount of sign himself. We would mine a lot of things like â€Å"drink† â€Å"food† â€Å"hello† many of the children caught on quickly and also mimed signs to him. It was a fantastic way to allow communication as each child interacted only with us but with all of the children. Enabling better communication between the children and taught them that it was normal to accept a child with a â€Å"disability†. By encouraging not only speech but other methods of communication we helped them socially to interact with each other in different ways, a simple wave hello allowed the child with hearing difficulties to feel part of the group and welcome. Emotional by showing praise and enjoyment. Behaviour teaching children how to act in many settings. As practioners we spend time with children getting to know them and communicate with them we can pick up on things we may be able to help with or advise parents of. Many parents work very long hours and have little time to converse with children. By chatting with children and speaking in a correct manner we help language skills every day. We do not use baby language we repeat words and encourage talking not only to ourselves but to each other. One child we had in our setting was very happy to chat with grownups and older children, however she refused to play with or listen to the younger ones. Even when being spoken to directly. The child would completely ignore the younger children. We spoke with her and helped her understand we must not ignore anyone when we are spoke to or communicated with. We encouraged her to converse with younger children we gave her responsibility helping them in small ways. This resulted in child playing and interacting with younger ones. This was fantastic for their social skills and behaviour. It taught the child who seemed to dislike younger children that ignoring anyone in life is not an option. We also seen her enjoy the responsibility and praise she was very proud of herself. If we feel that a child maybe finding speech or language more difficult than usual we would speak to parents and encourage them to try certain games and fun tasks in everyday life at home. We would communicate regularly with parents to see if things improve. Teaching parents little things that they maybe don’t do at home or haven’t tried at home can be great at rectifying any difficulties. Working with them to improve things we may have picked up on but parents haven’t wanted to see can sometime make the world of difference. If these things don’t help we can suggest referral to speech and language specialists or hearing specialist. We must work with other settings as well as parents to compare thoughts, information and experience. One of the best things we would attend was a library story time. It was fantastic it encouraged children to sit quietly and listen to stories. Then they would have a sing along to rhymes and songs with actions. Which encouraged language skills? If a child was new to this it took a few weeks to get involved but we always had parents asking where the child had learned a song they were singing at home. We would have sing along in the setting and encourage the words and actions so children knew some of the songs and gave them confidence to join in. If a child is having difficulties making themselves understood by language, speech or actions it can affect confidence and emotions. We want each child to be happy confident and understood. Eye to eye contact is a simple way to let the child know that you are listening or that you are taking the time to understand what they need from you. They learn that in our setting what they have to say is as important as any adult or other child. Each and every child is important and should feel that way. By communicating with carers we can have a much better and more positive effect on children’s development and learning. Knowing that a good relationship is essential and helps us as practitioners to see what areas we can help in and work on with children or what things carers ould continue and manage at home. This leads to a more productive learning journey for the child. A good relationship can also mean we are all comfortable communicating worries or problems. There are several development charts we can use for reference and information giving us a guide to where a child should be at certain ages. We use these to give us an idea of development if we fell a child is behind of ahead we can look at the information which helps us decide if a child may need some extra support. However we must only use these as a guide. We all know children develop as individuals and at varying rates. These charts can help us if we feel a little unsure and also if we need to have information to give parents. Also taken into account must be periods of settling in, or transition in home life. These can affect a child making them quiet or withdrawn and shy. We must make any decision to advise extra support once we get to know the child and observe activities we plan. EYMP5-3. 1 Demonstrate methods of providing support taking into account the: * age * specific needs * abilities * home language where this is different to that of setting * interests Of the children in own setting. By providing age related toys, activities and language we support individual children with specific support. The ability of a child also determines how we plan any activities. We must make the activity inclusive of all children. Being a small setting we find planning an activity to suit all children fairly easy and can adjust as we interact. For example a painting activity is explained and â€Å"signed† or mimed at same time so that every child is included and not taken to the side as though something is different or treat as an oddity. Some activities are avoided if we feel any child will be singled out. However we praise and encourage all children making them feel included and important. We ask parents what their child or children enjoy at home. If possible we try to bring a little of this into the setting to make children feel at home with us. It also gets children chatting and showing what they like. For instance one child adored snakes of all things. So we allowed him to bring along one of his pets as a sort of show and tell. Most of the children had never held a snake. We got him telling us all about snakes and what they eat. It gave this child so much confidence feeling he could teach us all something new. As we are a small setting and speak English it isn’t possible to teach and speak another language however we are happy to encourage a child with a different language to â€Å"help† teach us all words in their native language and do planned activities for other countries celebrations and festivals. Chinese new year Eid-ul-Fitr are just two of the festivals we incorporate into planning and learning. Communication and Child Introduction: The aim of this report is to identify the reasons why people communicate and the ways in which this can affect relationships. I will identify what we need to remember when we are trying to promote communication with others and the barriers that we may come across when doing this. I will endeavour to explain the extra support available for individual's who may have problems communicating and how coming from different backgrounds/cultures can affect how an individual communicates. I will also describe the ways in which we must treat confidential disclosures and how confidential information should be treated. 1. 1 IDENTIFY THE DIFFERENT REASONS PEOPLE COMMUNICATE People communicate to: Build relationships When a new child/parent enters our setting the first thing that will happen is some form of communication such as a smile or greeting the child/parent with hello. This is the foundation on which a child’s trust is based. If a child sees a good relationship between us and their parents this will make the transition period smoother. Share thoughts and ideas When children share thoughts and ideas they are being given the chance to express themselves freely. Children will have ideas and thoughts that they need to share by doing this they are able to grow in confidence and self-esteem, we should always listen to a child's ideas even if they are incorrect as this will encourage a child to share further ideas and thoughts. feedback and reflection encourages mental stim Gain and share information track development, diagnose problems early Express needs and feelings Gain reassurance and acknowledgement 1. EXPLAIN HOW COMMUNICATION AFFECTS RELATIONSHIPS IN THE WORK SETTING Communication affects relationships in the work setting in the following ways: – Sharing and Gaining Information By sharing and gaining information from parents/colleagues such as how the child is feeling, their likes and dislikes, what play interests the child has, we are much better equipped to bring the best out of the child. Effective commu nication is extremely important if the child has a medical condition or perhaps is attending a speech therapist. Knowing these things can help us with the child's development. Settling In It is important that we communicate well when a child is settling into a new environment as the child may feel anxious or nervous about the new setting as this may be the first time the child has left the parents. Good communication helps in building relationships, making it easier for the child to feel happy and secure in a new environment. Communicating and building a relationship with the parents allows them to trust and feel happy with us as practitioners enabling them to confidently leave the child in our care. – Supporting children's Play and Learning If we have good communication with a child they are able to benefit more from play and learning activities. It enables them to take part and understand activities. It also encourages better speech and vocabulary and gives them the confidence to express their thoughts and ideas, making them feel more relaxed and comfortable within the setting. – Transitions It is important to have good communication in periods of transition such as moving schools or childminders, as this makes it easier for the child to adjust and feel happy and comfortable in the new setting. For example having good communication and building relationships with each other allows information to be passed on effectively and efficiently making the transition easier for the child, parents and practitioner. 2. 2 DESCRIBE THE FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN PROMOTING EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION The factors to consider when promoting effective communication are: – Environment It is important that we think about the environment we are in when communicating with others. When we are communicating with adults or young children we may need to find somewhere quiet, a busy or noisy environment may be distracting, preventing information being passed / received accurately. A young child will be able to understand instructions, learn better and feel relaxed if the environment is quieter and calmer. With toddlers and younger children we may need to find an area which is familiar to their home setting, e. g. if the child likes playing with play dough we could arrange to sit with the child at this table. – Proximity, Orientation and Posture We should always consider distance when we are communicating with others. If we have a strong relationship with a child they will allow us to get closer as the child knows and trusts us and should not find this behaviour intimidating. We should also consider cultural differences when communicating with others as some sayings/gestures in our culture may differ to that of a person from a different culture. Our body's position is also important as if we stand in front of someone they may find this overpowering. But if we were to stand beside them and turn our body towards them this sends out a warm and friendly signal. Having good posture when communicating with others is also important as this gives out a clear message that you are listening and interested in what they are saying. – Listening Skills When we are communicating we should always show that we are ‘Actively Listening'. To Actively Listen we must think about what is being said and be aware of the body language. We should always give our full attention to the person speaking and listen to the tone of what they are saying. This is important when communicating with children as it promotes children's speech and helps when dealing with difficult situations. Time When we are communicating we need to give the person we are communicating with time to think about what we are saying. This is very important with young children so they understand what we are saying, or understand the instruction that has been given. Parents may also need time to understand or digest the information that has been past onto them. 3. 1 EXPLAIN HOW PEOPLE F ROM DIFFERENT BACKGROUNDS MAY USE AND/OR INTERPRET COMMUNICATION METHODS IN DIFFERENT WAYS. People from different backgrounds may use and/or interpret communication methods in the following ways: – Family Background Family background is important in communication as all families have different styles of communication. For example some children may come from a family that has more than one language, while other children may come from a family that is outgoing and noisy. Others may come from a family that is shy in nature. All of these will affect the way in which the child later communicates as an adult. – Personality Personalities can affect the way in which a child/adult communicates. With young children we can often see if their personality is outgoing even before their speech / language has developed. For example a child of a shyer nature will have a quieter personality, they may seem unenthusiastic in group discussions or with people they don't know as they find this uncomfortable. – Confidence and Self-esteem Confidence and self-esteem plays an important part in the way people communicate. For example a child who has been mocked when they have been reading in class may find public speaking as an adult difficult. Whereas a child who was praised for their reading is more likely to grow into an adult with more confidence in this area. – Literacy Literacy skills are acquired throughout life. Some people will have a higher level of literacy skills than others. For example some people may have learning difficulties or may have had to immigrate and have had to learn a completely new language. – ICT Knowledge Most people will have acquired some form of ICT Knowledge whether it be using internet, internet phones, emails, accessing photos, phone conversations, but we will not all have the same level of ICT knowledge. For example a person may not be able to read emails or follow written instructions well, so they are not as comfortable in this area as others. 3. 2 IDENTIFY BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION Some of the barriers we may face to effectively communicate are: Information – Sender may have language difficulties and find it hard to express themselves in oral or written forms. Encoding – Sender may have difficulty in choosing appropriate words/language or use an inappropriate style or tone. Transfer – Emails may not be received. Reception – Visual impairment may prevent a recipient from picking up facial expressions, gestures or anything that has been written down. Decoding – Recipient's relationship with the sender will influence the way that messages are decoded e. message from someone who is liked may be received differently than from a stranger. Feedback – Sender may not see feedback and realise that there are any difficulties with the way that they have communicated. Response – Sender may respond negatively as meaning of communication is not clear or style of communication is inappropriate. 3. 5 EXPLAIN HOW TO ACCESS EXTRA S UPPORT OR SERVICES TO ENABLE INDIVIDUALS TO COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY The ways in which we can access extra support or services to communicate effectively are: Transition and Interpreting Services We may need to use a Translator from time to time if a person cannot read/understand our language. For example this is useful if a parent wants to show us a letter that has been written in a different language. An Interpreter may also be used if someone has hearing or speech impairment this assists communication to be made with them. – Speech and Language Services Children's speech develops at different times and stages, every child is different. For example some young children may need the service of a Speech Therapist. We may need to seek support of these services to help us communicate effectively with the child by using visual aids such as pictures. This helps us to meet the child's individual needs. – Advocacy Children or young people who are in care may have had an advocate service such as Social Services. These services are used so the child can express their personal views, opinions and how they are feeling. It also ensures the best interests of the child are met and that their rights under the United Nations Convention are met. We have a duty to ensure this for each and every child. 4. 1 EXPLAIN THE MEANING OF THE TERM CONFIDENTIALITY The term Confidentiality means that we must not share or disclose personal information gained through work that we would not publicly know with others. As practitioner's we will receive confidential information on a daily basis, information we receive should be treated confidential unless there is a duty to pass the information on eg, in cases of child abuse or danger to a child's welfare. Confidential information that we may receive is personal details on a child's live such as address, phone number, date of birth ; health and development issues. Individual's have the right to keep this type of information private. P Tassoni et al (2010:15) states, â€Å"Confidentiality is about respecting other people's rights to privacy and keeping safe the information that they have provided. † A parent may pass on something they want kept confidential to protect their child from embarrassment. For example, a parent may disclose that their child has suddenly started wetting his/her pants and may ask you to keep an eye on the child and discretely change pants if necessary. This type of information should only be shared with others on a need to know basis. Breach of policies surrounding confidentiality are usually disciplinary offences which are treated seriously. . 2DESCRIBE WAYS TO MAINTAIN CONFIDENTIALITY IN DAY TO DAY COMMUNICATION A setting should have an office where parents can speak to members of staff about confidential matters. This information will be passed to staff on a need to know basis. Staff are told to think about what they are saying in front of â€Å"young ears† and other pare nts. Gossip should be avoided. All written paperwork/computer records kept on the children within the setting should be in an office area and kept under lock and key/passworded and the setting will have policies on who has access to this information. Should a child make a serious disclosure to a member of staff, about possible abuse/neglect, all staff will be fully trained in the settings Child Protection procedures and staff will know the reporting procedure in these circumstances. As part of their training, staff will know that any breach of confidentiality within the setting could result in a disciplinary action being taken against them and in serious cases may even result in dismissal. 4. 3DESCRIBE THE POTENTIAL TENSION BETWEEN MAINTAINING AN INDIVIDUAL’S CONFIDENTIALITY AND DISCLOSING CONCERNS There will be occasions that we need to disclose confidential information such as if we feel a child's welfare is at risk or if we think abuse is suspected or a crime has been committed. We are obliged to pass our concerns quickly, discretely and directly to our manager or an appropriate agency such as Social Services. By doing this we can still retain confidentiality within a setting as other members of staff or parents will not know the issues that have been raised. This also ensures that the rights of the child are met under the UNCRC (online www. unicef. org. k) Article 19 states â€Å"Children's rights to be protected from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation including sexual abuse by those looking after them. † All settings must be on the Data Protection Register and be registered with the Data Protection Commission. If confidentiality has been breached this can have serious consequences a nd can lead to dismissal, most settings will have their own polices and procedures. Conclusion: As we can see from the above, communication is a vital part of everyday life. Good communication skills assist us in nearly every situation we can find ourselves in. When communication is well managed, conflict can be avoided and respect and well-being of all parties improved. It is vital that we understand how to treat confidential information, when such information should be kept confidential and when and how it should be reported if we feel it necessary to safeguard and protect children. Bibliography: Tassoni P et al (2010), CHILDREN ; YOUNG PEOPLE'S WORKFORCE, Heineman, London, UK. UNCRC (Online), UN CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD, www. unicef. org. uk